This cylinder seal was made of mottled black stone. It would have been rolled onto clay to produce a unique impression, or "signature," that was used either to indicate ownership or to safeguard personal possessions. The seal shows two gods plowing; the first god holds a plow pulled by a lion and a snake-like dragon that are guided by the second god. In the field surrounding the figures can be seen a bird, an eight-pointed star, a crescent, and an inscription.
Henri Frankfort, Field Director of the Iraq Expedition
Excavated by The Oriental Institute 1931-1932
Cylinder Seals
What are cylinder seals and how were they used by the ancient Mesopotamians?
Black, Jeremy and Anthony Green. Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992.
Collon, Dominique. Interpreting the Past: Near Eastern Seals. University of California Press. 1990.
Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File, 1990.